Which phrase correctly lists the three strategic modes of operation?

• A. Non-intervention, defensive, offensive
• B. Mitigation, containment, recovery
• C. Detection, assessment, response
• D. Public protection, evacuation, shelter-in-place

Answer: (A)

The three strategic modes of operation are non-intervention, defensive, and offensive. This framework defines the overall approach to hazmat incidents: non-intervention means staying out of the hazard to protect responders when direct intervention could cause more harm or isn’t feasible with current resources; defensive aims to contain and restrict the hazard to protect people and property without directly attacking the source; offensive involves direct actions to stop the release at its source and to control the hazard, with appropriate safety measures. The other options describe actions, phases, or protective measures rather than the overarching strategic modes.